DOWNLOAD IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21 LICENSE

The study performs between August 2012 and May 2014 at three health centers in Jakarta, Indonesia. Meanwhile, another study conducted in Indonesia with a cohort-prospective study yielded similar conclusions. Meanwhile, for children 24–59 months, the strongest associations with child stunting were no maternal education compared with a graduate education (OR 2.07 95% CI 1.79–2.40). The study analyzed data on 85,932 children aged 6–59 months in Vietnam and found that there was no maternal education among children 6–23 months, compared with a graduate education (OR 1.77 95% CI, 1.44–2.16). Education is a critical factor that does not directly affect nutritional status because this education will affect the pattern of parenting for children. One of the demographic characteristics that became the focus is maternal education. Other causes are unhealthy living behavior, and lack of food intake for a long time from infancy can cause children to become short. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem (a condition that lasts a long time) caused by many factors such as socioeconomic conditions, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, and infant pain. The WHO Conceptual Framework on Childhood Stunting describes how stunting is caused by a complex combination of family, environmental, social, and cultural variables. The average prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia from 2005 to 2017 was 36.4%. Data on the prevalence of stunting under five collected by WHO, Indonesia is included in the third country with the highest majority in the Southeast Asia/South-East Asia Regional (SEAR) region. Of the 83.6 million small children under five in Asia, the highest proportion came from South Asia (58.7%). In 2017, more than half of stunted children under five came from Asia (55%), while more than a third (39%) lived in Africa. However, this figure has decreased compared to the stunting rate in 2000, which was 32.6%. In 2017, 22.2% or around 150.8 million under-five experienced stunting. The incidence of stunting is still one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. Moreover, the stunting prevalence in 2019 was 27.67%. In 2018, the survey found that the prevalence of stunting in children under two years is 29.9%. However, most stunted toddlers increased again in 2013 to 37.2%. In 2010, there was a slight decrease to 35.6%. The 2007 Indonesian Basic Health Survey results showed the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was 36.8%. The prevalence of short toddlers in Indonesia tends to be static. Child stunting has immediate and long-term consequences, including increased morbidity, mortality, and adverse impact on child development and adult health contributes to the cycle of malnutrition, and hampers economic development. Stunting is a well-established risk marker of poor child development, and Stunting before age two predicts poorer cognitive and educational outcomes in later childhood and adolescence. Stunting has long-term associations on individuals and society, including decreased cognitive and physical development, reduced productive capacity and poor health, and an increased risk of degenerative diseases such as diabetes. Childhood stunting is one of the most significant barriers to human development and globally affects an estimated 162 million children under five. Stunting is irreversible due to inadequate nutrition and repeated infections during the first 1000 days of a child’s life. Stunting is when children under five years old (toddlers) have a length or height less than their age-the condition by a length or height of more than minus two standard deviations of WHO’s median child growth standard. Requests for access to these data should be made to the Directorate of Community Nutrition of the Indonesian Ministry of Health ( Email: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

DOWNLOAD IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21 LICENSE

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey data used to support these findings of this study were supplied by the Directorate of Community Nutrition of the Indonesian Ministry of Health under license and so can not be made freely available. Received: JAccepted: JPublished: July 25, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Laksono et al. Citation: Laksono AD, Wulandari RD, Amaliah N, Wisnuwardani RW (2022) Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter? PLoS ONE 17(7):Įditor: Marcello Otake Sato, Dokkyo Medical University, JAPAN

Download ibm spss statistics 21